Visiting Places

 

WELCOME IN ALLAHABAD

 

Allahabad (Hindi: इलाहाबाद, also known as Prayag (Hindi: प्रयाग), is a city in north Indian state of Uttar Pradesh and administrative headquarters of Allahabad District. The ancient name of the city is Aggra (Sanskrit for "place of sacrifice") and is believed to be the spot where Brahma offered his first sacrifice after creating the world. It is one of four sites of the Kumbh Mela, the others being Haridwar, Ujjain and Nashik. It has a position of importance in Hindu scriptures for it is situated at the confluence, known as Triveni Sangam, of the holy rivers, Ganges and Yamuna, and Hindu belief says that the invisible Sarasvati River joins here also.

Allahabad is one of the fastest growing cities of Uttar Pradesh like Noida, Lucknow and Agra. It is also one of the most green cities in the state. Besides having many prime educational institutions and organizations, the presence of key government offices give city an important status. These include Allahabad High Court, Principal Accountant General Office (AG office), UP Public Service Commission Office, Headquarters of North Central Railway, the Regional Office of the Central Board of Secondary Education and the UP Board of High School and Intermediate Education.

Allahabad also known to be associated with 7 out of 14 Prime Ministers of India. Jawaharlal Nehru, Lal Bahadur Shastri, Indira Gandhi, Rajiv Gandhi, Gulzarilal Nanda, Vishwanath Pratap Singh and Chandra Shekhar were all either born in Allahabad, were alumni of Allahabad University or got elected from a constituency in Allahabad.

Government of India has selected Allahabad as one of the mission cities for Jawaharlal Nehru National Urban Renewal Mission(JNNURM), with the goals of improving urban infrastructure, efficient governance and basic services to urban common citizens[2].

 

Etymology

The name is derived from the one given to the city by the Mughal Emperor Akbar in 1583. The name in Indian languages generally is Ilāhābād; ilah being Arabic for "(a) god" (in this context from Din-i-Ilahi, the religion founded by Akbar), and "-ābād" is Persian for "to construct or to create", which explains the meaning of name Allahabad as "God's creation".

 

History

Ancient Indian (Bharata) cities and places. Title and location names are in English                                            Main article: History of Allahabad

Allahabad or Prayagraj is a historian's paradise. History lies embedded everywhere, in its fields, forests and settlements. 48 km (30 mi), towards the southwest, on the placid banks of the Yamuna, the ruins of Kosambi, at one time capital of the Vatsa Kingdom and later a thriving center of Buddhism, bear silent testimony to a forgotten and bygone era. On the eastern side, across the Ganges and connected to the city by the Shastri Bridge is Jhusi, identified with the ancient city of Pratisthanpur, capital of the Chandra dynasty. About 58 km (36 mi) northwest is the medieval site of Kara with its impressive wreckage of Jayachand's fort. Shringaverpur, another ancient site discovered relatively recently, has become a major attraction for tourists and antiquarians alike.

The city was known earlier as Prayāga - a name that is still commonly used. That fact that it is an ancient town is illustrated by supposed references in the Vedas to Prayag, where Brahma, the Hindu creator of the universe, is believed to have attended a sacrificial ritual. Excavations have revealed Northern Black Polished Ware objects in Prayag, further corroborating the conjecture that Prayag existed as a town as early as 600 B.C. Prayag was also important in the ancient Buddhist period as attested by the inscriptions on the Pillar of Asoka.

The Puranas record that Yayati left Prayag and conquered the region of Saptha Sindhu. His five sons Yadu, Druhyu, Puru, Anu and Turvashu became the main tribes of the Rigveda.

Allahabad is an extremely important and integral part of the Ganges-Yamuna Doab, and its history is inherently tied with that of the Doab region, right from the inception of the town.

When the Aryans first settled in what they termed the Aryavarta, or Madhyadesha, Prayag or Kaushambi was an important part of their territory. The Vatsa (a branch of the early Indo-Aryans) were rulers of Hastinapur (near present day Delhi), and they established the town of Kaushambi near present day Prayag. They shifted their capital to Kaushambi when Hastinapur was destroyed by floods.

In the times of the Ramayana, Prayag was made up of a few rishis' huts at the confluence of the sacred rivers, and much of the Vatsa country was continuous jungle. Lord Rama, the main protagonist in the Ramayana, spent some time here, at the Ashram of Sage Bharadwaj, before proceeding to nearby Chitrakuta.

The Doaba region, including Prayag was controlled by several empires and dynasties in the ages to come. It became a part of the Mauryan and Gupta Empires of the east and the Kushan Empire of the west before becoming part of the local Kannauj Empire which became very powerful.

Objects unearthed in Prayag indicate that it was part of the Kushan Empire in the 1st century AD. In his memoirs on India, Xuanzang, the Chinese chronicler who travelled through India during Harsha's (Harshavardhana) reign (607-647), writes that he visited Prayag in 643.

When Islamic rule came, Prayag became a part of the Delhi Sultanate when the town was annexed by Muhammad of Ghor in 1193. Then the Mughals took over from the rulers of Delhi and under them Prayag rose to prominence once again.

Acknowledging the strategic position of Prayag in the Doaba or the "Hindostan" region, at the confluence of its defining rivers which had immense navigational potentials, Akbar built a magnificent fort – one of his largest – on the banks of the holy Sangam and re-christened the town as Illahabad in 1575. The Akbar fort has an Ashokan pillar and some temples, and is largely a military barracks. On the southwestern extremity of Allahabad lies Khusrobagh; it has three mausoleums, including that of Jahangir's first wife – Shah Begum.

It was from Allahabad that Prince Salim, later to become emperor Jahangir, revolted against his father, the Mughal emperor Akbar. In 1602, prince Salim held a parallel imperial court in Akbar's fort here, ignoring the royal summons to leave Allahabad and proceed to Agra. However, before his death in 1605, Akbar named Salim his successor. The history repeated itself when in his (Muslim League) presidential address on December 29, 1930 at Allahabad, Muhammad Iqbal outlined a vision of an independent state for Muslim-majority provinces in northwestern India named Pakistan.

Before colonial rule was imposed over Allahabad, the city was rocked by Maratha incursions. But the Marathas also left behind two beautiful 18th century temples with intricate architecture

In 1765, the combined forces of Mir Qasim (the Nawab of Bengal), Shuja-ud-Daula (the Nawab of Awadh), and Shah Alam II (the Mughal Emperor) lost the Battle of Buxar to the British East India Company commanded by General Hector Munro. Although, the British did not take over their states, they established a garrison at the Prayag fort - realising its strategic position as the gateway to the northwest. The Governor-General of India, Warren Hastings, later took Allahabad from Shah Alam and gave it to Awadh alleging that he had placed himself in the power of the Marathas.

In 1801 the Nawab of Awadh ceded the city to the British East India Company. Gradually the other parts of Doaba and adjoining region in its west (including Delhi and Ajmer-Merwara regions) were won by the British. When these north western areas were made into a new Presidency called the "North Western Province of Agra", with its capital at Agra. Allahabad remained an important part of this state.

In 1834, Allahabad became the seat of the Government of the Agra Province and a High Court was established. But a year later both were relocated to Agra.

In 1845, missionaries established the Apostolic Vicariate of Patna, which later became the Diocese of Allahabad.

In 1857, Allahabad was active in the first Indian Rebellion of 1857 sometimes inappropriately called as Indian Mutiny. After this revolution, the British truncated the Delhi region of the state, merging it with Punjab and transferred the capital of the North-Western Provinces to Allahabad, which remained so for the next 20 years.It is place were Allah lives(place of GOD.

In 1877 the provinces of Agra (NWPA) and Awadh were merged to form a new state which was called the United Provinces. Allahabad was the capital of this new state till the 1920s.

 

Civic Administration

Municipal Corporation of Allahabad(also called Allahabad Nagar Nigam), is one of the old municipalities of the state. The corporation came into existence in 1864[4], when Lucknow Municipal Act was passed by Government of India. City municipal area is divided in total 80 wards and a member (the Corporator) from each ward is elected to form the Municipal Committee[6]. The Corporators elect the Mayor of city. The chief executive is the Commissioner of Allahabad who is appointed by the state government.

 

Cityscape

All Saints Cathedral, Allahabad in the night, late 19th century, figures among the finest Cathedrals of India

Anand Bhavan is a large mansion which belonged to Nehru-Gandhi family earlier, now owned by Government and converted into a museum.

Allahabad is situated at the confluence of the Ganges and Yamuna rivers. It encompasses a large area and is an inland peninsula surrounded by rivers on three sides with only one side connected to the mainland. Because of this fact, to handle growing traffic and connectivity demands, Allahabad has many bridges crossing rivers the Ganges and Yamuna.

The urban area of city can be classified into three categories. The Old City is economic center of city. This area is having high density where major roads are used as transport corridors as well as market streets. The newer city around Civil Lines area, was conceived during British rule. This area is well planned on grid-iron road pattern with additional diagonal roads which makes it an efficient city. It is a low density area with wide tree lined avenues. It houses major educational institutions, offices, gardens and cantonment areas. The outer growth areas include satellite towns along major highways passing through cities. It also includes city areas trans Ganges and Yamuna.

 

Places

Allahabad is well known for its sporting activities in the fields of Cricket, Badminton, Tennis and Gymnastics. There are several sports complexes that can be used by both amateurs and professionals. These include the Madan Mohan Malaviya Cricket stadium, Mayo Hall Sports Complex and the Boys' High School & College Gymnasium. There are several swimming facilities throughout the city as well. Allahabad has a prominent place in Indian Gymnastics. It is the leading team in SAARC and Asian countries. Khelgaon Public School at Jhalwa, Allahabad provides training in Gymnastics. Khelgaon Gymnasts won two Gold and 3 silver medals at 33rd Tulit Peter Memorial Cup-2007 held at Hungary. The largest icon of Indian hockey till date, Major Dhyanchand, was born on August 29, 1906, in Allahabad. He won gold medal in three successive Olympic games: Amsterdam Olympics 1928, Los Angeles Olympics 1932 and Berlin Olympics 1936. Mohammed Kaif, Indian cricket player, is from Allahabad. Another prominent sporting personality from Allahabad is Abhinn Shyam Gupta who won the National title of badminton in 2002.

 

The Sangum

Some places of interests in Allahabad are:    Sangam and around, particularly in December to February, when Kumbh Mela is going on   Anand Bhavan and Jawahar Planetarium. New Yamuna Bridge, Yamuna bank road ,  Company Bagh, Alfred Park and Allahabad , Allahabad High Court .

All Saints Cathedral - was built in Century Gothic Style in 13th Century. Also commonly known as Patthar Girja Ghar, this cathedral stands at a prominent location of the city in lush green premises. It figures among the finest Cathedrals of India. Though it was consecrated in 1887, it took another 40 years for it to be completed.

 

Allahabad University, established on 23 September 1887, is the fourth oldest University of India after Calcutta, Bombay and Madras University. Its sprawling 320 acre campus in the middle of the city has many heritage buildings.                                                                                                                          

 Ewing Christian College - American and Victorian Era architecture; the College was established by American Presbyterians in 1902 by the banks of the river yamuna.

 

Architecture

The All Saints’ Cathedral is built of red and white stone, a closer view showing the style of architecture that has been adopted in the building is an early phase of 13th Century Gothic.

The imprints of Britishers and Mughals can be seen in buildings, gardens and places in Allahabad. The styles of buildings reflect a good mix of western Gothic and Mughal architectures.

All Saints Cathedral, designed by great English architect William Emerson who also designed Victoria Memorial of Calcutta. This cathedral is the most beautiful building in city. Styled in 13th Century Gothic architecture, building's interior is more beautiful than its exterior with high ceilings and stone Gothic arches[7].

Muir College (1874), designed by William Emerson, in Indo-Saracenic architecture, an excellent mix of Gothic and Indian architectural elements. Its foundation was laid in 1874 and opened in 1886. It has an arcade quadrangle, which is dominated, by a 200 feet minaret tower in cream coloured sandstone from Mirzapur with marble and mosaic floors. The domes of the Indo-Saracenic structure are clad in Multan glazed tiles.

University Science Faculty buildings have classical architectural designs and have strong Victorian and Islamic style architectural influences.

Allahabad High Court(1916) - Chief Justice, Sir John Staley laid the foundation in 1911. It was finally completed in 1916 and opened by Viceroy Lord Chelmsford. Designed by Frank Lishman. this structure is subtly adapted to the climate as is evident from the double roofing with tiles from Allahabad on top to beat the summer heat. Conceived in a grand fashion, it has a domed pediment centre, arcade wings, stone balustrades and engrained arches. It reflects a beautiful synthesis of Eastern and Western architectural styles.

Khusro Bagh - The three sandstone mausoleums within this walled garden, present an exquisite example of Mughal architecture.

Public Library (1864)- Standing at Alfred Park it is a beautiful building designed by R.Roskell Rayne. This public library is another remarkable example of Gothic Style. The memorial has a lofty tower and accorded cloisters.

The Old High Court and Public Offices - They are four-storied block. Made of sandstone and ashore these were built by Colonel Pile in I 870 in the classical style. The Minto Park to the west of the ton has a Memorial Pillar enriched with Royal medallions and four lions carrying the Imperial coronet. This was a memorial pillar to the Royal Proclamation of the assumption of rule by the British crown in 1858. The Municipal Museum adjoining the library is yet another colonial structure that is a treasure-trove of archaeological artifacts.

The new Yamuna bridge built jointly by Hindustan Construction Company and Hyundai Engineering and Construction, is India's first cable stayed six lane road bridge in India, representing modern design structure.[8] This large bridge has two pylons made of concrete, which support a large part of bridge deck with the help of attached steel cables.

 

To know more about Allahabad please visit to

www.allahabad.nic.in

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Allahabad

http://www.infohub.com/TRAVEL/SIT/sit_pages/14467.html

www.allduniv.ac.in/

www.mnnit.ac.in

http://allahabadhighcourt.in/